Archive for the ‘Business’ category

Setting The Marketing And Financial Objectives

March 5th, 2011

Setting The Marketing And Financial Objectives PhotoA good marketing plan sets specific marketing objectives. Think about sales, market share, market positioning, image, awareness, and related objectives. Remember to make all your objectives concrete and measurable. Develop your plan to be implemented, not just read. Objectives that can’t be measured, tracked, and followed up, are less likely to lead to implementation. The capability of plan-vs.-actual analysis and the discipline to use it is essential. Marketing objectives are likely to be based on sales revenues and market share. They may also include related marketing objectives such as presentations, seminars, ad placements, review coverage, or proposals.

Sales are easy to track and measure. Market share is harder because it depends on market research. There are other marketing goals that are less tangible and harder to measure, such as positioning or image and awareness. Remember, as you develop the objectives, it is much better to include the measurement system within the objective itself. This is especially true when those measurements aren’t obvious.

In other side, in order to set your financial objective, state your financial objectives as clearly as you can. Marketing involves sales, costs of sales, and sales and marketing expenses, all of which affect profitability and cash flow. Financial objectives are very different from marketing objectives and generally easier to measure. A financial objective might be to increase 1999 profits by 10%, or sales by 10%, or contribution margin by 5%, or gross margin by 10%. Financial objectives might also be stated to hold spending to a specific level, as a percent of sales. One of the most common financial measurements for marketing is the contribution margin.

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Why Study Ethics?

March 1st, 2011

Why Study Ethics? PhotoEven granting that business ethics is important, many seem to believe that there is no point in studying the subject. Ethics is something you feel, not something you think. Finance, marketing, operations, and even business law lend themselves to intellectual treatment, but ethics does not. The idea that ethics has no intellectual content is odd indeed, considering that some of the most famous intellectuals in world history have given it a central place in their thought (Confucius, Plato, Aristotle, Maimonides, Thomas Aquinas, etc.).

Ethics is in fact a highly developed field that demands close reasoning. The Western tradition in particular has given rise to sophisticated deontological, teleological and consequentialist theories of right and wrong. No one theory explains everything satisfactorily, but the same is true, after all, in the natural sciences. Even when they grant that ethics has intellectual content, people often say that studying the field will not change behavior. Character is formed in early childhood, not during a professor’s lecture. If the suggestion here is that college-level study does not change behavior, we should shut down the entire business school, not only the ethics course. Presumably the claim, then, is that studying finance and marketing can influence one’s conduct, but studying ethics cannot. This is again a curious view, since ethics is the one field that deals explicitly with conduct. Where is the evidence for this view? The early origins of character do not prevent finance and marketing courses from influencing behavior. Why cannot ethics courses also have an effect?

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